Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark Supreme Court case in Black history that was decided in 1954. The case centered around laws in several states that allowed racial segregation in public schools, which led to separate educational facilities for Black and white students. The legal team challenging this segregation was led by Thurgood Marshall, who would later become the first African American Supreme Court justice.

The Supreme Court's unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education declared that separate educational facilities for Black and white students were inherently unequal and violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. This ruling marked a crucial turning point in the civil rights movement and paved the way for the desegregation of schools across the United States. Brown v. Board of Education played a significant role in dismantling the legal basis for segregation and advancing the cause of racial equality in America.